CompTIA European Tech Hiring Trends - Q2 2021.

As the devastating effects of the global pandemic begin to subside, many economies are returning to a semblance of normalcy with renewed business investment and hiring. Across the 10 markets covered in this report, economic growth rate projections for the year range from higher-end growth in the 5.8% to 6.4% range for France, Romania and Spain, to those on the lower-end in the 3.5% to 3.6% range for Netherlands, Poland and Germany.

ABOUT

ABOUT COMPTIA The Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) is a leading voice and advocate for the $5 trillion global information technology ecosystem; and the estimated 75 million industry and tech professionals who design, implement, manage, and safeguard the technology that powers the world’s economy. Through education, training, certifications, advocacy, philanthropy, and market research, CompTIA is the hub for advancing the tech industry and its workforce. CompTIA is the world’s leading vendor-neutral IT-certifying body with more than 2.8 million certifications awarded based on the passage of rigorous, performance-based exams. CompTIA’s base of certified information technology professionals spans 232 countries worldwide. CompTIA sets the standard for preparing entry-level candidates through expert-level professionals to succeed at all stages of their career in technology. Through CompTIA’s philanthropic arm, CompTIA develops innovative on-ramps and career pathways to expand opportunities to populations that traditionally have been under-represented in the information technology workforce. CompTIA Technology Career Pathway Roadmap

CompTIA Certifications Job Match CompTIA Training and Learning CompTIA Tech Career Academy CompTIA IT Salary Calculator CompTIA Technology Interest Groups

CompTIA Communities CompTIA Membership

ABOUT COMPTIA’S EUROPEAN TECH HIRING TRENDS CompTIA’s European Tech Hiring Trends provides an in-depth look at hiring trends across 10 markets. The report is designed as a resource for employers, job candidates, workforce and economic developers, policy-makers, media outlets and more. CompTIA developed the report from analysis of employer job posting data aggregated by Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights. See Methodology page for more details. The Q2 2021 report release covers Q1 and prior period data series.

Belgium

Netherlands

Czech Republic

Poland Portugal Romania

France

Germany

Italy

Spain

Location data maps to the European Union’s regional taxonomy. The Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics, abbreviated NUTS (from the French version Nomenclature des Unités territoriales statistiques) is a geographical nomenclature subdividing the economic territory of the European Union (EU) into regions at three different levels (NUTS 1, 2 and 3 respectively, moving from larger to smaller territorial units). Above NUTS 1, there is the 'national' level of the Member States. Most other formatting and labeling in this report aligns to Eurostat standards. See the European Union’s Eurostat for more detail. To make the data most accessible to readers, CompTIA lists the major city or metro area within the region first; and in some cases the accompanying surrounding region in parenthesis. The data is not always fully representative of the city or metro area, but generally, cities and metro areas have the highest concentration of workers in a region and therefore can reasonably serve as a proxy for the location’s hiring trends. Copyright ©2021 CompTIA, Inc. All rights reserved. CompTIA is a registered trademarks of CompTIA, Inc. in the U.S. and internationally. Other brands and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or service marks of CompTIA, Inc. or of their respective owners.

KEY FINDINGS

ECONOMIC SIZING AND GROWTH 2021

ECONOMIC AND HIRING REVIEW ⇥ As the devastating effects of the global pandemic begin to subside, many economies are returning to a semblance of normalcy with renewed business investment and hiring. Across the 10 markets covered in this report, economic growth rate projections for the year range from higher-end growth in the 5.8% to 6.4% range for France, Romania and Spain, to those on the lower-end in the 3.5% to 3.6% range for Netherlands, Poland and Germany. ⇥ Unemployment rates in many European countries never reached the levels seen in other markets during the height of the pandemic, such as the United States. As of yearend 2020, several markets were in a very low unemployment rate range, notably Czech Republic, Poland, Netherlands and Germany. Conversely, the unemployment rate remained elevated in Spain. ⇥ Despite a degree of labour market stability across many European countries, the uncertainty of 2020 meant new hiring slowed or ceased altogether. Consequently, with pent-up demand to backfill open positions or to pursue new talent to support growth strategies, there was a significant pick-up in hiring activity during Q1 2021. Compared to Q4 2020, total hiring activity as measured by employer job postings for technology positions increased 9%. Compared to Q3, the increase was 40% - again, reflecting the transition from hiring freeze to hiring resurgence. ⇥ In total, employers across the 10 markets covered in this report posted nearly 900 000 job advertisements during Q1 2021 in their efforts to hire for a range of technology professions. Key categories for hiring include: ⇥ Software Developers, Programmers and Web Developers ⇥ Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity ⇥ IT Support Specialists and Technicians ⇥ Network and Systems Administrators and Technicians ⇥ Job postings invariably align with the job roles employers are seeking to fill. Digging below the job role, however, reveals a number of common skill threads that span just about every technology job role these days. Employers frequently expect some level of cybersecurity, data, cloud, project management, and related technical skills. And, because of the intersection of technology and business (aka the business of technology), technologists must possess a solid foundation of soft skills in areas such as communications, emotional intelligence, collaboration, problem resolution and more. ⇥ Job advertisements for technology positions represented approximately 13% of total hiring advertisements during Q1 2021, up from 11% during 2020. This stems from the ongoing trend of digital transformation and the growing presence of technology across industry sectors and businesses of all sizes. For Q1 2021, Poland experienced the highest proportion of job advertisements for technology roles at 36%. Germany, Portugal and Romania also had above average concentrations of tech hiring job advertisements. Top hiring industry sectors for technology professionals during Q1 2021: ⇥ Information and Communication ⇥ Manufacturing ⇥ Administrative and Support Services ⇥ Professional, Scientific and Technical Services ⇥ Financial and Insurance

2021 Economic Growth Proj.

Economic Base Proj. (billions)

Belgium

€475 €226

4.0% 4.2% 5.8% 3.6% 4.2% 3.5% 3.5% 3.9% 6.0%

Czech Republic

France

€2 409 €3 542 €1 727

Germany

Italy

Netherlands

€830 €527 €211 €237

Poland

Portugal Romania

Spain

€1 198 6.4% Source: IMF, constant currency

LABOUR FORCE AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Labour Force (millions) 2020 Unemploy- ment Rate

Belgium

4.7 5.1

5.6% 2.7% 8.2% 4.2% 9.1% 3.8% 3.2% 6.8% 5.0%

Czech Republic

France

26.7 43.3 22.3

Germany

Italy

Netherlands

8.7

Poland

16.1

Portugal Romania

4.6 8.3

Spain

19.1 15.5% Source: Eurostat, IMF

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

900 000

600 000

300 000

000 000

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights

KEY FINDINGS CONTINUED

EMPLOYERS SEEK WELL-ROUNDED TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS ⇥ Occupation-level and skills-level analysis of job postings confirms the depth and breadth of the tech workforce. As the macro trend of digital transformation continues to remake business operations across industry sectors, job roles and skills requirements will evolve accordingly. ⇥ Mirroring the pattern seen in most countries, the software developer occupation category accounts for the largest portion of job postings across the European countries covered in this report. Alternatively, during Q1 2021, there was more employer hiring activity around software positions relative to other categories. As a reminder, there is not a 1:1 relationship between hiring activity and actual hiring. For very competitive positions, such as an emerging field like an artificial intelligence (AI) architect, employers may have to deploy significant hiring resources to recruit a single candidate, resulting in a skewed hiring activity to hiring ratio. ⇥ Hiring activity during Q1 also confirms the interrelated nature of technology. Software applications require robust network infrastructure, data optimisation, systems integration, management and support, and of course, a strong cybersecurity posture. To achieve maximum return from technology investments, businesses require orchestration of not only the technologies, but also the personnel, processes and work flows. ⇥ At the skills level, summary analysis across all job postings for all tech job roles suggests employers tend to seek well-rounded candidates. This also reflects the ever-expanding nature of innovation, whereby new platforms, new coding languages, new hardware and devices, new data streams and new combinations of technology building blocks (think IoT) are a de facto part of the job for any technology professional. In the leading technical skills table, there is representation across these areas, including software, infrastructure, data and business applications. While cybersecurity is not specifically listed in these top 10 skills, it is becoming increasingly common for employers to expect baseline cybersecurity expertise for all IT professionals. ⇥ The intersection of business and technology (aka the business of technology) means business skills and soft skills can no longer be viewed as secondary, but rather, of equal importance with technical skills. The job posting data bears this out with employers specifically requiring teamwork, problem solving, creating thinking, project management and more. ⇥ While many employers now hire for skills, expertise and performance, certain criteria, such as years of experience, continue to play a role in hiring. During Q1 2021, employers focused much of their hiring efforts on entry-level positions with a desired years of experience of 0-2 years. It is difficult to determine, but presumably the ‘not specified’ segment is evenly distributed among job levels, with a portion allocated to entry-level, mid-level and advanced-level positions.

LEADING TECH OCCUPATIONS FOR EMPLOYER HIRING ACTIVITY

Job Postings Q1 2021 249 017 231 464 84 827 66 510 50 665 48 077 29 236 19 589 18 899 18 782

Occupation Category Software Developers

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity

Systems Administrators

Web and Multimedia Developers IT Support Specialists and Technicians

IT Installers and Servicers IT Managers and CIOs

Network and Systems Technicians Database and Network, Other

Applications Programmers

LEADING TECHNICAL SKILLS CITED IN TECH JOB POSTINGS

Office / Spreadsheets

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Programming / Object-oriented programming

Business IT systems

SQL

IT system administration

Java

Database

Web programming / Front-end design

Unified Modelling Language

10. PHP

LEADING BUSINESS AND SOFT SKILLS CITED IN TECH JOB POSTINGS

Teamwork / Team focused

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Problem solving Creative thinking

Adaptability

⇥ 39% 0-2 years of experience ⇥ 14% 3-10 years of experience ⇥ 11% 11+ years of experience ⇥ 36% Not specified

Project management

Customer service

Proactive

Responsible

⇥ Advertised tech salaries indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs. Specialised expertise, level of experience, location, non-advertised compensation in the form of bonuses and other factors account for the significant variance in tech salaries. See Methodology for additional factors affecting salary data.

9. Time management 10. Work independently

REGIONAL SUMMARY

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

900 000

Employers in the European countries evaluated in this report made 877 106 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

600 000

300 000

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING COUNTRIES FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Q1 2021 Change vs. Q4 351 787 +16%

Change vs. Q4

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021 421 109

Germany

-4%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

France Poland

121 863 +16% 105 921 +37% 60 082 +50% 53 313 +43%

231 464 +4%

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

Italy

122 218 +5%

Netherlands

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

113 769 +4%

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING (across region)

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

- Capgemini - Sii Poland - Billennium

- LINKIT - Smals

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

Not Specified

- FixedToday

- Brunel

- Axcent Company

- Grupo Digital

- ICTP

- Tecdata Engineering

- Johnson & Johnson

- effiCity - Aubay

- Deloitte

- MassMutual Romania

39%

14% 11% 36%

- IEFP - CGI

- 2K Czech

- Avast

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Information and Communication

64%

Manufacturing

36%

Administrative and Support Services

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Financial and Insurance

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

BELGIUM

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

40 000

Employers in Belgium made 38 453 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

30 000

20 000

10 000

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Change vs. Q4 19 139 +24%

Change vs. Q4

Q1 2021

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Brussels

5 527 +41% 5 389 +25% 3 150 +26% 2 172 +45% 1 975 +15%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

Antwerp

10 488 +29%

Gent

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

Charleroi

3 914 +18%

Kortrijk

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

1 863 +13%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Smals

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

Capgemini Belgium

Not Specified

Deloitte

Ernst & Young UniPartners IT

Pauwels Consulting

BDO Belgium

Imalink

40%

26% 6% 28%

9. Colruyt Group 10. Federale Politie

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Administrative and Support Services

60%

Information and Communication

40%

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Manufacturing

Financial and Insurance

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

CZECH REPUBLIC

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

10 000

Employers in Czech Republic made 9 437 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

7 500

5 000

2 500

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Change vs. Q4 4 064 +25%

Change vs. Q4

Q1 2021

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Prague (Hlavní město Praha)

2 525 +38%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

Brno (Jihomoravský)

1 138

+6%

1 820 +59%

Ostrava (Moravskoslezský)

510 +19% 228 +25% 225 +64%

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

Pardubice (Pardubický)

1 048 +54%

Plzeň (Plzeň)

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

755 +18%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

2K Czech

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

Avast

Not Specified

NXP Semiconductors

FZU (Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy)

SVĚT OKEN

UBK

24i Media CZ

TESCO

51%

38%

9. Vendavo 10. Škoda Auto

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Manufacturing

Financial and Insurance

51%

49%

Information and Communication

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Administrative and Support Services

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

FRANCE

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

0 25 000 50 000 75 000 100 000 125 000

Employers in France made 121 863 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Change vs. Q4 43 704 +24%

Change vs. Q4

Q1 2021

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Paris (Paris)

11 240

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

Lyon (Rhone)

7 454 +19% 3 534 +31% 2 969 +23%

31 122 +15%

Toulouse (Haute-Garonne)

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

Bordeaux (Gironde)

24 708 +12%

Lille (Nord)

2 241

+9%

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

14 733 +14%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

effiCity

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

CGI

Not Specified

Marine Nationale

Thales Inetum

Optimhome Capgemini

Armée de Terre

33%

18% 12% 37%

9. Devoteam 10. Le Bon Agent

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Financial and Insurance

63%

Information and Communication

37%

Administrative and Support Services

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Manufacturing

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

GERMANY

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000

Employers in Germany made 421 109 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Q1 2021 Change vs. Q4 136 859 0%

Change vs. Q4

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Munich

31 062 30 960 22 788

-3%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

Berlin

+4%

128 873 -10%

Hamburg

-7%

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

Cologne

14 502 -10%

73 927 -5%

Düsseldorf

11 792

-9%

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

62 583 -3%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Capgemini Deutschland

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

Brunel

Not Specified

Deutsche Bahn AG

dotSource

Modis

BWI ANG

NConsult IT-Systemhaus

37%

10% 11% 41%

9. Magnus Consulting 10. itelligence Global Managed Services

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Manufacturing

Information and Communication

50%

Administrative and Support Services

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Government, Public Administration and Defense

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

ITALY

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

60 000

Employers in Italy made 60 082 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

40 000

20 000

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Change vs. Q4 28 616 +49%

Change vs. Q4

Q1 2021

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Milan Rome

8 428 +61% 4 724 +51% 1 642 +47% 1 517 +15% 1 162 +32%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

13 059 +54%

Bologna Torino Naples

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

7 901 +55%

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

6 163 +39%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Axcent Company

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

ICTP

Not Specified

IT Consulting

Esprimo Milano Philmark Group

RL Italia Niuma Ali Group

31%

20% 12% 38%

9. Carpe Diem Solutions 10. Omicron Consulting

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Information and Communication

69%

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Manufacturing

31%

Accommodation and Food Services Administrative and Support Services

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

NETHERLANDS

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

60 000

Employers in Netherlands made 53 313 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

40 000

20 000

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Change vs. Q4 26 575 +44%

Change vs. Q4

Q1 2021

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Amsterdam (Groot-Amsterdam)

8 337 +43% 7 678 +29% 3 487 +49% 2 862 +30% 2 590 +116%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

Utrecht (Utrecht)

13 779 +45%

Rotterdam (Groot-Rijnmond)

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

Antwerp (Zuidoost-Noord-Brabant)

4 611 +40%

Enschede (Noord-Overijssel)

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

4 284 +35%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

LINKIT

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

FixedToday

Not Specified

Anjumo

Belastingdienst

CGI Inc Brunel

Rabobank

Johnson & Johnson

40%

12% 16% 32%

9. Booking.com 10. Ernst & Young

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Information and Communication

58%

Transportation and Storage

42%

Arts, Entertainment and Recreation

Manufacturing

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

POLAND

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

100 000

Employers in Poland made 105 921 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

75 000

50 000

25 000

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Change vs. Q4 58 219 +40%

Change vs. Q4

Q1 2021

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Warsaw

12 952 +36% 10 666 +20%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

Kraków

19 015 +38%

Lódź

9 556 +14%

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

Wrocław

4 919

+4%

9 579 +20%

Radom

3 222 +44%

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

6 710 +43%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Sii Poland Billennium

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

Not Specified

ING Bank Śląski

Capgemini Software Solutions Center

Sage

ING Tech Poland

Quad/Graphics Europe

AcxiomGlobal Service Center Polska

58%

8% 10% 24%

Ringier Axel Springer Polska

10. Asseco Poland S.A.

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

79%

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Information and Communication

Administrative and Support Services

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

21%

Financial and Insurance

Wholesale and Retail

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

PORTUGAL

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

30 000

Employers in Portugal made 22 933 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

20 000

10 000

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Change vs. Q4 11 969 +5%

Change vs. Q4

Q1 2021

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Lisbon

13 476 +14%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

Porto

4 695

-7%

4 107 +5%

Tejo

437 +74% 424 +201% 227 -32%

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

Ave

3 853 -1%

Leiria

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

1 297 +7%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Aubay

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

IEFP

Not Specified

KCS IT

SYSMATCH

DECSKILL agap2IT

BOLD by Devoteam Noesis Portugal Dellent Consulting

46%

14% 10% 30%

10. InnoWave

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Information and Communication

69%

Administrative and Support Services

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

31%

Manufacturing

Financial and Insurance

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

ROMANIA

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

10 000

Employers in Romania made 9 437 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

7 500

5 000

2 500

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Change vs. Q4 3 390 +17%

Change vs. Q4

Q1 2021

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Constanța (Sud-Est)

2 000 +54% 1 116 +41% 691 +36% 341 +32%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

Brașov (Centru)

1 410 +12%

Cluj-Napoca (Nord-Vest)

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

Iași (Nord-Est)

483 +10%

Bucharest (București-Ilfov, Sud-Muntenia)

268 +42%

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

376 +26%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Johnson & Johnson MassMutual Romania

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

Not Specified

Continental AG

Cognizant Softvision

Ubisoft Inetum Fortech

Accenture

54%

12% 8% 26%

9. Bosch Group 10. Qualitest Group

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Information and Communication

59%

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

41%

Administrative and Support Services

Financial and Insurance

Healthcare and Social Services

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

SPAIN

EMPLOYER JOB POSTINGS FOR TECH HIRING

40,000

Employers in Spain made 37 480 job postings during Q1 2021 for tech hires

30,000

20,000

10,000

Q1 2020

Q2 2020

Q3 2020

Q4 2020

Q1 2021

Reporting Data Source: Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights | CompTIA

LEADING METRO AREAS (REGIONS) FOR TECH HIRING

LEADING JOB ROLE CATEGORIES IN DEMAND

Change vs. Q4 19 252 +1%

Change vs. Q4

Q1 2021

Software Developers, Programmers and Web

Q1 2021

Madrid

14 002

+6% +1% +4%

Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity 1

Barcelona

6 941 1 140

7 791 +13%

Seville

IT Support Specialists and Technicians

Málaga

841 +23%

3 865 +7%

Bilbao

834

+5%

Network and Systems Admin. and Technicians

3 334 -4%

See Methodology for how regions and metropolitan areas are defined.

LEADING EMPLOYERS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH HIRING BY REQUESTED YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Grupo Digital

0-2 years

3-10 years

11+ years

Tecdata Engineering CMV Consultores

Not Specified

Rawson

Krashlando

BETWEEN Technology

PSS Tecnologías de la Información

Krell Consulting & Training

30%

48% 15% 16%

9. Soltel 10. Inetum

LEADING INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR TECH HIRING

TECH OCCUPATION SALARIES

84%

Advertised tech salaries 2 indicate tech positions could range from under €36.000 for entry-level jobs to over €90.000 for advanced-level jobs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Information and Communication

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services

Administrative and Support Services

16%

Manufacturing

Government, Public Administration and Defense

Greater than €36.000

Up to €36.000

2 Based on available data; most job postings do not include salary details, especially those at the advanced-level. See Methodology.

1 In this data set, cybersecurity does not yet have a dedicated occupation category, but rather spans several categories. For reporting purposes, it is grouped with Systems Analysts.

APPENDIX

APPENDIX I

Occupation Category IT Managers and CIOs

Total

1330 2153 2511 2512 2513 2514 2519 2521 2522 2523 2529 3511 3512 3513 3514 3521 7422

29 236

Telecommunications Engineers Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity

2 471

231 464 249 017 66 510 18 782 10 919

Software Developers

Web and Multimedia Developers

Applications Programmers

Software and Applications Developers Other Database Designers and Administrators

7 262

Systems Administrators

84 827

Network Administrators and Engineers Database and Network Professionals Other

9 353

18 899

IT Operations Technicians

9 390

IT Support Specialists and Technicians Network and Systems Technicians

50 665 19 589

Web Technicians A/V technicians

6 559

14 086 48 077 877 106

IT Installers and Servicers

Q1 2021 TOTAL

APPENDIX II

Czech Republic

Occupation Category IT Managers and CIOs

Belgium

France

Germany

Italy

1330 2153 2511 2512 2513 2514 2519 2521 2522 2523 2529 3511 3512 3513 3514 3521 7422

1 368

1 569

5 635

6 830 1 057

1 596

Telecommunications Engineers Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity

256

554

10 488 12 901

1 820 3 143

31 122 33 182

128 873 101 366 16 156 11 545

13 059 21 387

Software Developers

Web and Multimedia Developers

5 034

460 242 170

5 890 1 168

3 690 1 707

Applications Programmers

678 392 338

Software and Applications Developers Other Database Designers and Administrators

845 749

5 676 3 134

550 324

Systems Administrators

1 003

641

10 773

57 943

4 322 1 256 1 869 1 637 5 108

Network Administrators and Engineers Database and Network Professionals Other

343

55 99

2 357

1 932 7 846 1 336

1 254

956

IT Operations Technicians

507

187 784

3 186

IT Support Specialists and Technicians Network and Systems Technicians

2 583

13 962

14 582 14 052

517 134 586 238

59 49 17 60

1 603 2 619 6 208 1 352

585

Web Technicians A/V technicians

2 116 1 860

1 282

394 762

IT Installers and Servicers

44 805 421 109

Q1 2021 TOTAL

38 453

9 437

121 863

60 082

Occupation Category IT Managers and CIOs

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Spain 1 390

1330 2153 2511 2512 2513 2514 2519 2521 2522 2523 2529 3511 3512 3513 3514 3521 7422

1 474

8 466

454

Telecommunications Engineers Systems Analysts and Cybersecurity

274

13 779 15 531

19 015 34 345 21 046

4 107 8 555 2 554

1 410 2 489

7 791

Software Developers

16 118

Web and Multimedia Developers

8 819 1 342

586 187 113

2 275

Applications Programmers

720

561 241 201 806 167 990 144

632 166 542

Software and Applications Developers Other Database Designers and Administrators

796 342

1 970 1 496 4 950 1 267 2 363 1 798 3 101

Systems Administrators

2 631 1 598 2 161

184

1 574

Network Administrators and Engineers Database and Network Professionals Other

312

329

1 032

IT Operations Technicians

357

167

IT Support Specialists and Technicians Network and Systems Technicians

3 499

3 432

316 126

3 298 1 448

382

493 138

324

Web Technicians A/V technicians

15 92

142 286

4 510

147 130

130 270

IT Installers and Servicers

170

Q1 2021 TOTAL

53 313

105 921

22 933

6 515

37 480

METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY This report was developed by CompTIA using employer job posting data aggregated by Burning Glass Technologies Labour Insights (https://www.burning-glass.com). Burning Glass aggregates employer job posting data across a range of sources to produce the best possible depiction of hiring activity. As with any data source, however, there are limitations. Employer job posting data is a useful, but an imperfect proxy for job demand. Not every posting translates to a new job; hiring employers may change their plans, post multiple times for the same job, hire internally, try different approaches to find the right candidate and so forth. Also, one ad may be posted for multiple openings. Burning Glass data methodologies address many of these potential issues, but there will inevitably some margin of error. Additionally, within a time period, there may be situations where a worker is hired, the person is not the right fit and is let go, and a firm starts the process over again. In the aggregate there is single position, but using job posting data, it may appear there are 2 positions. CompTIA recommends using job posting data in conjunction with government labour market statistics and other data sources where available to get a more complete picture of workforce dynamics for a given occupation category. Occupation categories are standardised for consistency and to enable comparisons across markets. The tradeoff is slightly less granularity, especially in certain newer job roles. For example, this data set does not have dedicated categories for cybersecurity, cloud, data scientist, or artificial intelligence. Rather, these positions are combined under broader occupation categories. Location data maps to the European Union’s regional taxonomy. The Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics, abbreviated NUTS (from the French version Nomenclature des Unités territoriales statistiques) is a geographical nomenclature subdividing the economic territory of the European Union (EU) into regions at three different levels (NUTS 1, 2 and 3 respectively, moving from larger to smaller territorial units). Above NUTS 1, there is the 'national' level of the Member States. See the European Union’s Eurostat site for more detail. To make the data most accessible to readers, CompTIA lists the major city or metro area within the region; and in some cases the accompanying region in parenthesis as noted above. The data does not fully represent the city or metro area, but generally, cities and metro areas have the highest concentration of workers in a region and therefore can reasonably serve as a proxy for the location’s hiring trends. As noted in the footnote associated with the salary data, the information presented in this report should be used for directional guidance only. Most job postings do not include salary details. The data presented is a relatively small subset of overall hiring activity. The final negotiated salary may differ from the advertised salary and the addition of bonuses or other forms of compensation may increase annual earnings. Advanced-level positions are more likely to omit salary details, resulting in a skewing of the data downward.

Please contact the CompTIA Research and Market Intelligence Department at research@comptia.org with any questions.

CompTIA.org

CompTIA is responsible for all content and analysis. Any questions regarding the report should be directed to CompTIA Research and Market Intelligence sta ! at research@comptia.org.

Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20